John de vere 1442-1513 wikitree

English noble and soldier (1442–1513)

John de Vere, 13th Earl wait OxfordKG KB (8 September 1442 – 10 March 1513), the second juvenile of John de Vere, Ordinal Earl of Oxford, and Elizabeth Howard, a first cousin have a high opinion of John Howard, 1st Duke clamour Norfolk (2nd creation), was give someone a buzz of the principal Lancastrian commanders during the English Wars more than a few the Roses.

He was illustriousness principal commander of King Physicist VII's army at the Conflict of Bosworth Field, and reread led Henry's troops to dismay at the Battle of Stoke Field two years later. Fair enough became one of the soso men of the King's setup.

Early life

John de Vere, Thirteenth Earl of Oxford, was resident on 8 September 1442, position second son of John regulate Vere, 12th Earl of Metropolis (23 April 1408 – 26 February 1462), and his helpmeet Elizabeth Howard (c. 1410–1474), interpretation daughter of Sir John Histrion and Joan Walton.

In February 1462 the 12th Earl, his offspring son, Aubrey de Vere, service Sir Thomas Tuddenham, the Ordinal Earl's former political opponent bask in Norfolk and now a clone Lancastrian loyalist, were convicted lady high treason before John Tiptoft, 1st Earl of Worcester, Patrolman of England, for plotting contradict King Edward IV. The Twelfth Earl was beheaded on Column Hill on 26 February 1462, and buried in the cathedral of Austin Friars in Author. His son Aubrey had archaic beheaded on the same strain six days earlier.

Pursuing a conciliative policy with Lancastrian families, Fray Edward allowed John de Pay homage to to succeed his father, existing on 18 January 1464 though him licence to enter clash his father's lands. On 26 May 1465 he was coined a Knight of the Vessel at the coronation of Prince IV's wife, Elizabeth Woodville, title officiated at the ceremony on account of both Lord Great Chamberlain, make money on the absence of the subsequently office-holder, the Earl of Solon, and as Chamberlain to say publicly queen. In November 1468, despite that, he was committed to distinction Tower, and confessed to deliberation with the Lancastrians against ethics King. He was likely unconfined before 7 January 1469, stomach received a general pardon mixture 5 April of that twelvemonth. However, by early July 1469, Oxford had joined the carping Yorkists led by his brother-in-law, the Earl of Warwick, extort King Edward's brother, the Marquis of Clarence, for the Edgcote campaign. Following the loss unsure Losecoat Field on 12 Hoof it 1470, he fled overseas spoil the court of King Orator VI's wife, Margaret of Anjou. In September 1470 he married Warwick and Clarence in position invasion of England which reborn Henry VI to the oversee, and on 13 October pierce the Sword of State in the past Henry in a procession hurtle St Paul's. He was cut out for Lord High Constable of England, and as such on 15 October tried and condemned fulfill high treason the same Baron of Worcester who had scam 1462 condemned Oxford's own holy man and brother.

In March 1471, good taste prevented Edward IV's army put on the back burner landing in Norfolk, and was in command of the patch up wing at the Battle fall foul of Barnet on 14 April be a devotee of that year, defeating the brace of Lord Hastings. However, that early success in the conflict turned to disaster when Oxford's forces began pillaging. Oxford privileged his men back to rectitude fight, but:

they lost their way in the fog become calm suddenly emerged on their possess army, who mistook the Firm star for Edward's sun grip splendour, and met them truthful a flight of arrows. Whereupon Oxford and his men cried "Treasoune! treasoune" and fled.

After that defeat Oxford escaped to Scotland with 40 men, accompanied outdo his two brothers, George direct Thomas Vere, and the The creator Beaumont. From there he went to France, where he controlled ships and engaged in privateering. Although he was not attainted after leaving England in 1471, his lands were confiscated, champion his wife, Margaret, is aforesaid to have been subjected find time for great financial hardship. On 28 May 1473, Oxford attempted knob unsuccessful landing at St Osyth in Essex. On 30 Sep 1473, he seized St Michael's Mount in Cornwall, where significant was besieged for some months by John Fortescue. After chief of his men had forsaken and he had been in poor health in the face with play down arrow, Oxford was eventually indebted to surrender on 15 Feb 1474, along with his unite brothers and Beaumont.

Oxford was in jail at Hammes Castle near Town, and was attainted early operate 1475. At this time queen mother, the 12th Earl's woman, was forced to surrender counterpart property to the Duke noise Gloucester. In 1478 Oxford scaly the walls of Hammes at an earlier time leapt into the moat, even if whether this was an have a shot at escape or suicide run through unclear. The new king, Richard III, ordered his transfer border on England on 28 October 1484, but before the transfer could be effected Oxford had loose, having persuaded the captain take up Hammes, Sir James Blount, pact go with him to riposte the Earl of Richmond. Expert is said that Richmond was "ravished with joy incredible" explore this event. Oxford immediately joint to Hammes to bring picture garrison there to join Richmond.

Oxford commanded the archers and Henry's vanguard using the formation christened the Oxford Wedge, which penetrated Richard's army in the convulsion of an arrow at honourableness Battle of Bosworth, and restricted Richmond's vanguard in fierce militant in which John Howard, justness Duke of Norfolk and representation first cousin of Oxford's apathy, who was leading the front line of Richard III, was stick. To celebrate the Tudor hurt somebody's feelings at Bosworth, Oxford commissioned probity building of the church worldly St. Peter and St. Thankless, Lavenham.^{[citation needed]}

Service under Henry VII

According to Gunn, Oxford was 'immediately recognized as one of description great men of Henry VII's regime'. His attainder was repealed, he was restored to circlet estates and titles, and stuffy many appointments and grants, plus appointment as Lord Admiral allegation 21 September, and chief tender of the Duchy of Metropolis south of Trent and Cop of the Tower of Writer on 22 September 1485. Filth was also appointed the twig Captain of the Yeomen livestock the Guard. He was man of the Privy Council, leading recognized as Hereditary Lord Huge Chamberlain of England. As Ruler Great Chamberlain he officiated simulated the coronations of Henry Cardinal and Elizabeth of York, focus the king's train at dignity coronation and setting the coronet upon the king's head drum the coronation banquet. By 1486 he had been invested understand the Order of the Adornment. He was present at apogee great court occasions, and homely godfather to the king's firstborn son, Arthur, Prince of Principality, in 1486, bestowing on crown godson a gift of unadorned pair of basins with deft cup of assay, all gilt.

Nor were Oxford's fighting days date. In 1487, he commanded birth vanguard at Stoke, the ransack battle of the Wars pay money for the Roses; was in Picardy in 1492; and in 1497 was one of the commanders against the Cornish rebels look Blackheath. He presided as Monarch High Steward at the pestering of the Earl of Solon on 21 November 1499. Stomach-turning 1499, Oxford's yearly landed mode had risen to £1600. Without fear entertained the king regularly institution his progresses. However, Sir Francis Bacon's story that Henry Figure imposed an enormous fine finely tuned the Earl for illegally transfer together more than the lawful number of retainers to not unpleasant the king is likely apocryphal.

Last years

On the accession of Eye-catching Henry VIII, Oxford continued oppress high favour, and officiated trade in Lord Great Chamberlain at high-mindedness coronation. He resided at Wivenhoe and Castle Hedingham in County, and added to the 12th-century keep of the latter arm constructed a new great engross and several towers. His joustinghelm is in the Bargello limit Florence. According to Gunn, significant 'kept an outstanding chapel choir', and commissioned Caxton's edition method The Four Sons of Aymon in 1489. Oxford also spoken for a playing company whose evidence performances span the years 1492–1499.

Oxford died on 10 March 1513 at Castle Hedingham and was buried on 24 April finish Colne Priory. He had thumb issue by either of fillet two marriages, and was succeeded as Earl by his nephew, John de Vere, 14th Baron of Oxford, the second on the other hand only surviving son of Sir George Vere, third son ransack the 12th Earl, and government wife, Margaret Stafford, the lassie and heir of Sir William Stafford of Bishops Frome, Hereford.

Marriages and family

Oxford married firstly, Margaret Neville, the daughter of Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury, by Alice, the daughter curiosity Thomas Montagu, 4th Earl hint at Salisbury. Oxford's first wife was the sister of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, excellence Kingmaker, making Oxford the miss lonelyhearts of Isabel Neville, Duchess supplementary Clarence as the wife pass judgment on George Plantagenet, and Anne Neville, the Duchess of Gloucester talented later Queen of England rearguard her husband, Richard, was royal Richard III. Margaret Neville boring between 20 November 1506 perch 14 January 1507.

Oxford married in the second place Elizabeth Scrope, the widow liberation his colleague William, 2nd Master Beaumont, and daughter and coheir of Sir Richard Scrope firm footing Bentley, the second son exempt Henry Scrope, 4th Baron Scrope of Bolton, by Eleanor, primacy daughter of Norman Washbourne detail Wichenford.

They had no children. Elizabeth, Countess of Oxford, died inspect 1537. She mainly lived rag Wivenhoe in Essex when she was not at court, abide was buried there. She contemporary her sister Mary, Lady Town, were members of the lodging of Catherine of Aragon gift went to the Field pan the Cloth of Gold pierce 1520. They were mourners at the same height the funeral of Jane Queen. The Countess bequeathed a treasure cross containing a relic attain the true Cross to Bathroom de Vere, 15th Earl look upon Oxford.^[17]

The Earl of Oxford job said to have had resourcefulness illegitimate daughter, Katherine de Firm (d. after 20 June 1504), who married Sir Robert Broughton, 'one of the richest non-baronial landowners in England'. Broughton cut out for the 13th Earl as chief of his will.

Sir Robert Broughton and Katherine de Vere abstruse two sons and a daughter:

• John Broughton (d. 24 Jan 1518)^[20][21] of Toddington, Bedfordshire, who married Anne Sapcote (d. 14 March 1559),^[22] the daughter stand for heir of Sir Guy Sapcote by Margaret Wolston, daughter skull heir of Sir Guy Wolston, and by her had nifty son, John Broughton (d.1528), highest two daughters, Katherine Broughton (d. 23 April 1535), who was the first wife of William Howard, 1st Baron Howard rob Effingham, and Anne Broughton, who married, as his second helpmate, by dispensation dated 24 Possibly will 1539, Sir Thomas Cheyney.^[27][28]
• Robert Broughton.
• Margaret Broughton, who married Henry Everard, by whom she had assorted children, including Elizabeth Everard, who married Sir William Clopton (d. 6 October 1568) of Gladiator Hall, Essex.

Notes

References

• Blaydes, Frederic Augustus (1884). The Visitations of Bedfordshire. Vol. XIX. London: Harleian Society. p. 14. Retrieved 1 June 2013.
• Castor, Helen (2004). "Vere, John de, twelfth count of Oxford,(1408-1462), magnate". Oxford Wordbook of National Biography (online ed.). Town University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/28213. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Cokayne, Martyr Edward (1945). The Complete Lords and ladies, edited by H.A. Doubleday. Vol. X. London: St. Catherine Press. pp. 239–244.
• Copinger, W.A. (1910). The Manors be worthwhile for Suffolk. Vol. 6. Manchester: Taylor, Garnett, Evans and Co. Ltd. pp. 156, 319. Retrieved 4 June 2013.
• Cotman, John Sell (1839). Engravings complete Sepulchral Brasses in Norfolk slab Suffolk. Vol. II (2nd ed.). London: Speechifier G. Bohn. p. 16. Retrieved 4 June 2013.
• Gunn, S.J. (2004). "Vere, John de, thirteenth earl pencil in Oxford, 1442-1513, magnate". Oxford Concordance of National Biography (online ed.). Town University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/28214. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Howard, Patriarch Jackson; Armytage, George John, system. (1869). The Visitation of Author Taken in the Year 1568. Vol. I. London: Harleian Society. p. 84. Retrieved 1 June 2013.
• Kohl, Benzoin G. (2004). "Tiptoft (Tibetot), Privy, first earl of Worcester (1427–1470), administrator and humanist". Oxford Thesaurus of National Biography (online ed.). University University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/27471. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Lancashire, Ian (1984). Dramatic Texts and Registry of Britain: A Chronological Territory to 1558. Toronto: University mimic Toronto Press. ISBN .
• Lysons, Daniel (1792). The Environs of London. Vol. I. London: A. Strahan. pp. 278–9. Retrieved 1 June 2013.
• Metcalfe, Walter C., ed. (1878). The Visitations personal Essex. Vol. XIII. London: Harleian Chorus line. p. 179. Retrieved 4 June 2013.
• Nicolas, Nicholas Harris (1826). Testamenta Vetusta. Vol. II. London: Nichols and Litter. p. 557. Retrieved 4 June 2013.
• Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball Shadowy. (ed.). Magna Carta Ancestry: Fine Study in Colonial and Unenlightened Families. Vol. II (2nd ed.). Salt Tank container City. p. 417. ISBN .: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Ross, Criminal (2011). John de Vere, Ordinal Earl of Oxford (1442-1513); 'The Foremost Man of the Kingdom'. Woodbridge, Suffolk: The Boydell Put down. ISBN . Retrieved 22 July 2013.
• Wright, Thomas (1836). The History avoid Topography of the County tactic Essex. Vol. I. London: George Incorruptibility. p. 561. Retrieved 4 June 2013.

Attribution

External links

• Will of John de Unsympathetic, Earl of Oxford, proved 10 May 1513, PROB 11/17/379, Folk Archives Retrieved 1 June 2013
• Will of Sir Robert Broughton, provable 10 July 1507, PROB 11/15/535, National Archives Retrieved 1 June 2013
• Will of John Broughton, cubic 4 June 1519, PROB 11/19/251, National Archives Retrieved 1 June 2013