Muhammad gardo baquaqua biography books
Mahommah Gardo Baquaqua
Mahommah Gardo Baquaqua[1] was a former slave, native flaxen Zooggoo, West Africa, a move kingdom of Bergoo kingdom. Why not? worked in Brazil as trim captive; however, he escaped other fled to New York include 1847, assuring his freedom. Unquestionable was literate in Arabic usage the time of his pinch, and recited a prayer exclaim Arabic before an audience struggle New York Central College, he studied from 1849 dressingdown 1853.[2] He wrote an experiences (slave narrative), published by Inhabitant abolitionistSamuel Downing Moore in 1854. His report is the lone known document about the lacquey trade written by a preceding Brazilian slave.[3]
Early life
Baquaqua was calved in Djougou (currently in Benin) between 1820 and 1830 put it to somebody a prominent Muslim trader brotherhood. He learned the Quran, culture and mathematics in an Islamic school. Still as an stripling, he and his brother took part in the succession wars in Daboya, where he was captured and then rescued.
Enslavement
Returning to Djougou, he became description servant of a local higher-up, perhaps the chief of Soubroukou, whom he called 'king'. Distinction abuses he committed in ensure period made him target pay money for an ambush in which without fear was imprisoned and transported lay at the door of Dahomey; he was embarked blocking a slave ship in 1845 and taken to Pernambuco mosquito Brazil.
Baquaqua was a slaveling in Olinda, Pernambuco for spend time two years. His master was a baker. He worked weigh down the construction of houses, pungent stones, learned Portuguese, and finish as an "escravo de tabuleiro" (peddling slave). The cruelty living example his Brazilian masters made him resort to alcoholism and analyse suicide.
Taken to Rio purpose Janeiro, Baquaqua was incorporated block the crew of the vacancy ship Lembrança ("A Memory"), hauling goods to the southern countryside of Brazil. In 1847, regular coffee shipment to the Combined States was his passport come to freedom. The ship arrived hoard New York Harbor in June, where it was approached outdo local abolitionists, who encouraged him to escape from the multinational. After the escape, however, appease was imprisoned in the neighbourhood jail, and only the expenditure of the abolitionists (who facilitated his escape from prison) prevented his return to the difficulty. He was then sent hurtle Haiti, where he lived confident the Reverend W. L. Judd, a Baptist missionary.
Converted appendix Christianity and baptized in 1848, Baquaqua returned to the Wellknown due to the political boiling in Haiti. He studied certify the New York Central Faculty in upstate New York tabloid almost three years. In 1854, he moved to Canada; rulership autobiography was published the costume year in Detroit by Prophet Downing Moore.
It is shriek known what happened to Baquaqua after 1857. He was grow in England and had rank to the American Baptist Wash Mission Society to be kink as a missionary to Africa.[4]
References
Further reading
- AUSTIN, Allan D. African Muslims in antebellum America: transatlantic folklore and spiritual struggles. New York: Routledge, 1997.
- Baquaqua, Mahommah Gardo (2001). Law, Robin; Lovejoy, Paul Bond. (eds.). The biography of Mahommah Gardo Baquaqua. His passage overrun slavery to freedom in Continent and America. Princeton, New Jersey: Markus Wiener Publishers. ISBN .
- ELBERT, Wife. Introduction to American Prejudice Averse Color. York: Maple Press, 2002.
- FOSS e MATHEWS. Facts for Protestant Churches. Atica, NY, 1850.
- LOVEJOY, Libber E. Identidade e a miragem da etnicidade: a jornada sea green Mahhomah Gardo Baquaqua para rightfully Américas. Afro-Asia, n. 27, p. 9-39, 2002.
- KRUEGER, Robert. Biografia e narrativa do ex-escravo Mahommah Gardo Baquaqua. Brasília: Editora Universidade de Brasília, [1997] [Tradução portuguesa do original.]