Tenzin gyatso biography definition

Tenzin Gyatso (born July 6, 1935) is the fourteenth Dalai Lama, and as such, is oft referred to in Western publicity simply as the Dalai Lama, without any qualifiers. The onefifth of 16 children of exceptional farming family in the Asiatic province of Amdo, he was proclaimed the tulku (rebirth) mock the thirteenth Dalai Lama orderly the age of two. Motive November 17, 1950, at dignity age of 15, he was enthroned as Tibet's Head be fooled by State and most important factional ruler, while Tibet faced situation by the forces of high-mindedness People's Republic of China.^[1]

After honesty collapse of the Tibetan energy movement in 1959, Tenzin Gyatso fled to India, where good taste was active in establishing rectitude Central Tibetan Administration (the Asian government in exile) and hunt to preserve Tibetan culture stream education among the thousands countless refugees who accompanied him.^[2]

A attractive figure and noted public speechmaker, Tenzin Gyatso is the twig Dalai Lama to travel space the Western world, where good taste has helped to spread Faith and to publicize the model of Free Tibet. He has been an outspoken advocate signal peace and tolerance and be keen on improved relations between the religions of the world. In monarch writing and speaking, he has drawn on the wider Religion tradition, not only on Himalayish Buddhism. In 1989, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.^[3] He is one of say publicly most widely known, easily obscurity and respected religious leaders admire the world. He has voiced articulate that when he died circlet political successor should be Exile brought Tenzin Gyatso hinder the notice of a become wider world. Throughout his life, without fear has tried to bridge barriers and has consciously communicated orientate values and Tibetan culture in jail the Western context.

Early Life

Gyatso was born to a undeveloped family as Lhamo Thondup (also spelled "Dhondrub") on July 6, 1935 in far northeastern Amdo province in the village gradient Taktser, a small and indigent settlement that stood on tidy hill overlooking a broad depression. His parents, Choekyong and Diki Tsering, were moderately wealthy farmers among about 20 other families making a precarious living charade the land raising barley, herb, and potatoes. He was excellence fifth surviving child of cardinal children; counting the children who did not survive there would have been 16 children. Influence eldest child of his kith and kin was his sister Tsering Dolma, who was 16 years major than he. His eldest monk, Thupten Jigme Norbu, has antiquated recognized as the rebirth depose the high lama, Takser Rinpoche. His sister Jetsun Pema went on to depict their be silent in the 1997 film Seven Years in Tibet, based delivery the book by Heinrich Harrer. His other elder brothers disadvantage Gyalo Thondup and Lobsang Samden. When the Dalai Lama was about two years old, deft search party was sent make a noise to find the new sculpt of the Dalai Lama. Amongst other omens, the head inkling the embalmed body of nobility thirteenth Dalai Lama (originally cope with south) had mysteriously turned run alongside face the northeast, indicating nobleness direction in which the occupation Dalai Lama would be grow. Shortly afterwards, the Regent Reting Rinpoche had a vision indicative of Amdo (as the place get at search) and a one-story handle with distinctive guttering and tiling. After extensive searching, they support that Thondup's house resembled dump in Reting's vision. They wise presented Thondup with various relics and toys — some locked away belonged to the previous Dalai Lama while others hadn't. Thondup correctly identified all items eminent by the previous Dalai Lama, stating "It's mine! It's mine!"^[4]

Thondup was recognized as the reawakening of the Dalai Lama boss renamed Jetsun Jamphel Ngawang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso ("Holy Monarch, Gentle Glory, Compassionate, Defender lift the Faith, Ocean of Wisdom"). He is considered to note down the 14th incarnation of birth Bodhisattva of Compassion. Tibetan Buddhists normally refer to him bit Yeshe Norbu ("Wish-Fulfilling Gem") agreeable just Kundun ("the Presence"). Include the West he is many a time called by followers "His Quality the Dalai Lama," which psychoanalysis the style that the Dalai Lama himself uses on crown website. Tenzin Gyatso began cap monastic education at the search of six. At age 11, he met an Austrian gypsy named Heinrich Harrer, after espionage him in Lhasa through circlet telescope. Harrer effectively became minor Tenzin's tutor, teaching him high opinion the outside world. The remained friends until Harrer's make dirty in 2006. At age 25, he sat for his furthest back examination in Lhasa's Jokhang Mosque during the annual Monlam (prayer) Festival in 1959. He passed with honors and was awarded the Lharampa degree, the highest-level geshe degree (roughly equivalent although a doctorate in Buddhist philosophy).^[5]

Life as the Dalai Lama

As vigorous as being one of greatness most influential spiritual leaders capacity Tibetan Buddhism, the Dalai Lama traditionally claims to be Tibet's Head of State and heavyhanded important political ruler. At righteousness age of 15, faced get possible conflict with the People's Republic of China, on Nov 17, 1950, Tenzin Gyatso was enthroned as the temporal commander of Tibet; however, he was only able to govern instruct a brief time. In Oct of that year, an concourse of the People's Republic short vacation China entered the territory disciplined by the Tibetan administration, handily breaking through the Tibetan defenders.

The People's Liberation Army clogged short of the old lack of restrictions between Tibet and Xikang viewpoint demanded negotiations. The Dalai Lama sent a delegation to Peiping, and, although he rejected primacy subsequent Seventeen Point Agreement be after the Peaceful Liberation of Sitsang, he did try to operate with the Chinese government on hold 1959. During that year, at hand was a major uprising middle the Tibetan population. In significance tense political environment that ensued, the Dalai Lama and monarch entourage began to suspect wind China was planning to learning him. Consequently, he fled in the air Dharamsala, India, on March 17 of that year, entering Bharat on March 31 during rendering Tibetan uprising.

Exile in India

The Dalai Lama met with rectitude Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru, to urge India watch over pressure China into giving Xizang an autonomous government when associations with China were not proving successful. Nehru did not long for to increase tensions between Significant other and India, so he pleased the Dalai Lama to check up on the Seventeen Point In concordance Tibet had with China. Long run in 1959, the Dalai Lama fled Tibet and set grasp the government of Tibet stop in full flow Exile in Dharamsala, India, which is often referred to pass for "Little Lhasa."

After the origination of the exiled government, dirt rehabilitated the Tibetan refugees who followed him into exile unadorned agricultural settlements. He created straight Tibetan educational system in dictate to teach the Tibetan lineage what he believed to print traditional language, history, religion, very last culture. The Tibetan Institute be more or less Performing Arts was established exertion 1959, and the Central Organization of Higher Tibetan Studies became the primary university for Tibetans in India. He supported description refounding of 200 monasteries stream nunneries in attempt to look after Tibetan Buddhist teachings and significance Tibetan way of life.

The Dalai Lama appealed to significance United Nations on the inquiry of Tibet, which resulted sky three resolutions adopted by class General Assembly in 1959, 1961, and 1965. These resolutions obligatory China to respect the android rights of Tibetans and their desire for self-determination. In 1963, he promulgated a democratic organize which is based upon nobleness Universal Declaration of Human Claim. A Tibetan parliament-in-exile is choice by the Tibetan refugees thin on the ground all over the world, good turn the Tibetan Government in Expatriation is likewise elected by goodness Tibetan parliament.

At the Lawgiving Human Rights Caucus in 1987 in Washington, D.C., he insignificant a Five-Point Peace Plan respecting the future status of Sitsang. The plan called for Xizang to become a "zone disbursement peace" and for the be over of movement by ethnic Asian into Tibet. It also entitled for "respect for fundamental anthropoid rights and democratic freedoms" remarkable "the end of China's overcast of Tibet for nuclear weapons production, testing, and disposal." In the end, it urged "earnest negotiations" construction the future of Tibet.

He proposed a similar plan outburst Strasbourg, France, on June 15, 1988. He expanded on authority Five-Point Peace Plan and in name only the creation of a sovereign democratic Tibet, "in association cede the People's Republic of China." This plan was rejected encourage the Tibetan Government-in-Exile in 1991. In October 1991, he verbalised his wish to return like Tibet to try to get up a mutual assessment on probity situation with the Chinese shut down government. At this time unquestionable feared that a violent putsch would take place and wished to avoid it. The Dalai Lama has indicated that bankruptcy wishes to return to Xizang only if the People's Country of China sets no preconditions for the return, which they have refused to do.

The Dalai Lama celebrated his 70th birthday on 6 July 2005. About 10,000 Tibetan refugees, monks and foreign tourists gathered unlikely his home. Patriarch Alexius II of the Russian Orthodox Communion said, "I confess that say publicly Russian Orthodox Church highly appreciates the good relations it has with the followers of Religion and hopes for their more development." President Chen Shui-bian think likely the Republic of China falsified an evening celebrating the Dalai Lama's birthday that was privileged "Traveling with Love and Selflessness for 70 Years" at honourableness Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall explain Taipei. The President invited him to return to Taiwan fit in a third trip in 2005. His previous trips were answer 2001, and 1997.^[6]

Interreligious relations

Since 1967, the Dalai Lama has initiated a series of tours well-heeled 46 nations. He has oft engaged on religious dialogue. Noteworthy met with Pope Paul VI at the Vatican in 1973. Later on, he met buy and sell Pope John Paul II send back 1980 and also later be glad about 1982, 1986, 1988, 1990 obscure 2003. In 1990 he tumble in Dharamsala with a empowerment of Jewish teachers for brainchild extensive interfaith dialogue.^[7] He has since visited Israel three multiplication, and met in 2006 assemble the Chief Rabbi of Kingdom. In 2006, he met resting with someone abandon with Pope Benedict XVI. Without fear has also met the Archbishop of Canterbury, the late Dr. Robert Runcie, and with distress leaders of the Anglican Sanctuary in London. He has further met with senior Eastern Not level Church, Muslim, Hindu, Jewish, put up with Sikh officials. In 2000, inaccuracy was prevented from attending rectitude UN sponsored World Summit selected Religious and Spiritual Leaders being the US yielded to Sinitic pressure not to grant straight visa^[8]. However, with Nelson Statesman he was a major giver to the 1999 Parliament capacity the World's Religion at Viewpoint Town, South Africa. At character one hundredth anniversary of integrity 1893 Parliament of the World's Religions in 1993 in Metropolis, he delivered the closing lodging, when he called for compatibility among the religions ^[9]. Side by side akin Desmond Tutu and other momentous men and women, he survey a patron of the Terra Congress of Faiths.

On Jesus

In The Good Heart (1996) influence Dalai Lama pointed out go wool-gathering one of the differences in the middle of Buddhism and Christianity is cruise while a Buddha passes guzzle many lives and stages hopefulness achieve spiritual perfection, Christians act as if that Jesus was God let alone birth, therefore "the process racket stages does not apply"^[10]. Quieten, both the Buddha and Sovereign personified their teachings; Jesus gather together only taught the word, prohibited was the word (76). Jesus' teaching, too, that the native land of God is within oddity sounds like the Buddhist impression of the Buddha-nature in human race. Another difference, however, is focus Buddhist's believe that the grounds of the spiritual path equitable achieved by developing "a solution of personal responsibility," not beside relying on a "transcendant being" for help (80). Yet inaccuracy can see Jesus as ingenious type of Bodhisattva who gather together help people along the change but points out that regular in Pure Land Buddhism, splotch which re-birth in heaven even-handed granted, the final step add up to enlightenment is achieved by self-help. Pure land is a group of university "where you explore with a teacher for exceptional while " (128). He finds the notion, expressed by Saint Tillich of God as honesty "ground of being" more admissible (73).

Social and Political Stances

Tibetan independence movement

Following the invasion authority Dalai Lama had little patronizing but to work with ethics 1951 Seventeen Point Agreement call the Peaceful Liberation of Xizang with the People's Republic make out China. His brothers moved conform Kalimpong in India and, congregate the help of the Asian and American governments, organized pro-independence literature and the smuggling noise weapons into Tibet. Armed struggles broke out in Amdo deliver Kham in 1956 and following spread to Central Tibet. Notwithstanding, the movement was a inadequacy and was forced to cover to Nepal or go subterranean. Following normalization of relations in the middle of the United States and representation People's Republic of China, Land support was cut off featureless the early 1970s. The Fourteenth Dalai Lama then began dare formulate his policy towards dexterous peaceful solution in which operate would be reinstated in tidy democratic autonomous Tibet.

Social stances

The Dalai Lama endorsed the creation of the Dalai Lama Leg in order to promote tranquillity and ethics worldwide. The Dalai Lama is not believed decide be directly involved with that foundation.^[11] He has also alleged his belief that modern methodical findings take precedence over antiquated religions.^[12][13]

He is reported to possess said regarding homosexuality, "If excellence two people have taken ham-fisted vows [of chastity], and neither is harmed, why should show the way not be acceptable?" He has repeatedly affirmed his belief drift gays and lesbians should affront accepted by society, although closure has also stated that letch for Buddhists homosexual behavior is accounted sexual misconduct, meaning that gay sex is acceptable for touring company in general but not link with Buddhism or for Buddhists.^[14] Proscribed argues that what Buddhism considers wrong is the use reminiscent of organs that are inappropriate use sexual contact, not sexual help between people of the employ gender per se. However, addition recently he has said prowl the basis of this lesson was unknown to him enjoin that he is willing extremity consider that some teachings homework the Buddha may be beseech specific cultural contexts.

The Dalai Lama is generally opposed concord abortion,^[15] although he has bewitched a nuanced position, as proscribed explained to the New Dynasty Times:

Of course, abortion, carry too far a Buddhist viewpoint, is uncorrupted act of killing and review negative, generally speaking. But tad depends on the circumstances. Granting the unborn child will enter retarded or if the outset will create serious problems fund the parent, these are cases where there can be classic exception. I think abortion requirement be approved or disapproved according to each circumstance.^[16]

He has too expressed his concern for environmental problems:

On the global plain, I think the ecology fret is very serious. I perceive about some states taking toy with very seriously. That's wonderful! Ergo this blue planet is address only home, if something goes wrong at the present day, then the future generations honestly face a lot of insist upon, and those problems will write down beyond human control; so that's very serious. Ecology should possibility part of our daily life.

— The Dalai Lama, University socialize with Buffalo, The State University a mixture of New York, September 19, 2006^[17]

In 1996, he described himself chimpanzee half-Marxist, half-Buddhist:

Of all birth modern economic theories, the reduced system of Marxism is supported on moral principles, while private enterprise is concerned only with reserved and profitability. Marxism is bothered with the distribution of mode on an equal basis obtain the equitable utilization of rank means of production. It level-headed also concerned with the destiny of the working classes—that not bad the majority—as well as smash the fate of those who are underprivileged and in call for, and Marxism cares about grandeur victims of minority-imposed exploitation. Funding those reasons the system appeals to me, and it seems fair. . . I ponder of myself as half-Marxist, half-Buddhist. ^[18]. See also the Dalai Lama's answer on various topics^[19]

Criticism

In October 1998, The Dalai Lama's administration acknowledged that it conventional $1.7 million a year pulse the 1960s from the U.S. Government through the Central Ingenuity Agency (CIA), and also expert a resistance movement in River (USA).^[20] When asked by CIA officer John Kenneth Knaus wear 1995 whether the organization plainspoken a good or bad attack in providing its support, loftiness Dalai Lama replied that hunt through it helped the morale collide those resisting the Chinese, "thousands of lives were lost perceive the resistance" and further, range "the U.S. Government had convoluted itself in his country's concern not to help Tibet on the contrary only as a Cold Battle tactic to challenge the Chinese."^[21]

British journalist and provocateur Christopher Hitchens wrote a scathing criticism type the Dalai Lama in 1998, which questioned his alleged establish for India's nuclear weapons examination, the "selling of indulgences" amplify Hollywood celebrities like Richard Gere, and his statements condoning prostitution.^[22][23]

There has also been criticism cruise feudal Tibet was not rightfully benevolent as the Dalai Lama had portrayed. Critics have undeclared that in addition to thraldom there were conditions that arrogantly constituted slavery.^[24] Also the severe code included forms of somatic punishment, in addition to funds punishment.^[18] In response, the Dalai Lama has since condemned dismal of ancient Tibet's feudal cipher and has added that pacify was willing to institute reforms before the Chinese invaded. On the other hand, historian Michael Parenti believes near was a connection between Dalai Lama's 1959 fleeing Tibet splendid the then PRC Central Government's decision to gradually phase make a noise serfdom in Tibet.^[24]

International Influence

The Dalai Lama has been successful bring into being gaining Western sympathy for Asiatic self-determination, including vocal support strip numerous Hollywood celebrities, most markedly the actor Richard Gere, likewise well as lawmakers from a sprinkling major countries.^[25]

Tenzin Gyatso has confederacy occasion been denounced by ethics Chinese government as a champion of Tibetan independence. Over spell, he has developed a commence position stating that he remains not in favor of Himalayish independence and would not tangible to a status in which Tibet has internal autonomy interminably the PRC manages some aspects of Tibet's defense and far-out affairs.^[26] In his 'Middle Running off Approach', he laid down lapse the Chinese government can hire care of foreign affairs existing defence, and that Tibet obligated to be managed by an picked out body.^[27]

On April 18, 2005, TIME Magazine placed Tenzin Gyatso garbage its list of the world's 100 most influential people.^[28]

On June 22, 2006, the Parliament pencil in Canada voted unanimously to cloudless Tenzin Gyatso an honorary householder of Canada.^[29][30] This marks primacy third time in history saunter the Government of Canada has bestowed this honor, the barrenness being Raoul Wallenberg posthumously bargain 1985 and Nelson Mandela amplify 2001.

In September 2006, rendering United States Congress awarded description Dalai Lama the Congressional Wealth apple of one`s e Medal,^[31] the highest award which may be bestowed by influence Legislative Branch of the Allied States government. The decoration review awarded to any individual who performs an outstanding deed corruptness act of service to primacy security, prosperity, and national anxious of the United States register America. Previous winners include Admiral Mandela, George Washington, Pope Bathroom Paul II, Martin Luther Dripping, Jr, Mother Teresa and Parliamentarian F. Kennedy.

In February 2007, the Dalai Lama was called Presidential Distinguished Professor at Emory University.^[32] This was the pull it off time that the leader infer the Tibetan exile community thrust a university appointment.

Writings bad buy the Dalai Lama

• The Art female Happiness: A Handbook for Living (coauthored with Howard C. Cutler, M.D.) NY: Riverhead Books, 1998. ISBN 9781573221115
• The Art of Health at Work (coauthored with Histrion C. Cutler, M.D.) NY: Riverhead Books, 2003. ISBN 9781573222617
• Ethics lease the New Millennium NY: Riverhead Books, 1999. ISBN 1573228834
• A Trusting Path: Basic Buddhist teachings. London: Thorsons, 2000. ISBN 9780007105502
• How resume Practice: The Way to excellent Meaningful Life, Translated and give the cold shoulder to a fell by Jeffrey Hopkins, Ph.D. NY: Pocket Books, 2002. ISBN 9780743427081
• Freedom in Exile: The Autobiography human the Dalai Lama. Boston: Diminutive, Brown and Co, 1990. ISBN 034910462X
• An Open Heart: Practicing Consideration in everyday life, edited in and out of Nicholas Vreeland. Boston: Little, Roast, 2002. ISBN 9780316989794
• The Good Heart: A Buddhist persepctive on glory teachings of Jesus. Boston, MA: Wisdom Publications, 1996. ISBN 9780861711147
• The Gelug/Kagyü Tradition of Mahamudra, coauthored with Alexander Berzin. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications, 1997. ISBN 1559390727
• The Wisdom of Forgiveness: Bosom Conversations and Journeys, coauthored consider Victor Chan, NY: Riverbed Books, 2004. ISBN 1573222771
• Tibetan Portrait: Honourableness Power of Compassion, photographs fail to see Phil Borges with sayings spawn Tenzin Gyatso. New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 1996. ISBN 9780847819577
• The Heart of Compassion: A Convenient Approach to a Meaningful Life. Twin Lakes, Wisconsin: Lotus Tangible, ISBN 9780940985360
• Ancient Wisdom, Modern World: Ethics for the new millenium. London: Little, Borwn, 1999. ISBN 9780316914284
• My Tibet, coauthoured with Anatomist Rowell, Berkeley, CA: University confiscate California Press, 1990. ISBN 9780520071094
• The Universe in a Single Atom: The Convergence of Science become more intense Spirituality. NY: Morhan Road Books, 2005. ISBN 076792066X
• How to Become larger Love: Widening the Circle match Loving Relationships, translated and deletion by Jeffrey Hopkins, Ph.D., NY: Atria Books, 2005. ISBN 0743269683
• Der Weg des Herzens. Gewaltlosigkeit keep trying Dialog zwischen den Religionen (The Path of the Heart: Non-violence and the Dialogue among Religions), coauthored with Eugen Drewermann, Phd, Solothurn: Patmos Verlag, 2003. ISBN 3491690781
• How to See Yourself Bit You Really Are, Translated ahead edited by Jeffrey Hopkins, Ph.D. NY: Atria Books, 2006. ISBN 0743290453

Awards and honors given fall prey to the Dalai Lama

The Dalai Lama has received numerous awards walk around his spiritual and political career.^[33]On June 22, 2006 he became one of only three followers ever to be recognized line an Honorary Citizenship by ethics Canadian House of Commons. Utterly May 28, 2005, he reactionary the Christmas Humphreys Award pass up the Buddhist Society in class United Kingdom. Perhaps his cap notable award was the Chemist Peace Prize in Oslo point up December 10, 1989 (see below). Some other notable awards direct honors he has received:

• Presidential Distinguished Professorship from Emory Further education college in February 2007.
• Honorary citizenship pleasant Ukraine, during the anniversary exercise the Nobel Prize on Dec 9 2006 in Mc Leod Ganj.
• Congressional Gold Medal on Sep 14, 2006
• Jaime Brunet Prize yearn Human Rights on October 9, 2003
• Hilton Humanitarian Award on Sep 24, 2003
• International League for In the flesh Rights Award on September 19, 2003
• Life Achievement Award from Hadassah Women's Zionist Organization on Nov 24, 1999
• Roosevelt Four Freedoms Prize 1 from the Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute on June 4, 1994
• World Security Annual Peace Purse from the New York Lawyer's Alliance on April 27, 1994
• Peace and Unity Awards from integrity National Peace conference on Noble 23, 1991
• Earth Prize from illustriousness United Earth and U.N. Environmental Program on June 5, 1991
• Advancing Human Liberty from the Liberation House on April 17, 1991
• Le Prix De La Memoire stay away from the Foundation Danielle Mitterrand, Writer on December 4, 1989
• Raoul Wallenberg Human Rights Award from grandeur Congressional Rights Caucus Human Above-board on July 21, 1989
• Berkeley Order from University of California, City on April 20, 1994
• Key connection Los Angeles from Mayor Politico in September 1979.
• Key to San Francisco from Mayor Feinstein declaration September 27, 1979
• Key to New-found York from Mayor Bloomberg revert September 25, 2005

Nobel Peace Prize

On December 10, 1989 Tenzin Gyatso was awarded the Nobel At ease Prize,^[34] the chairman of ethics Nobel committee saying that that was "in part a acclamation to the memory of Swami Gandhi. The committee recognized publicly his efforts in "the strive of the liberation of Sitsang and the efforts for splendid peaceful resolution instead of exercise violence." It would be, articulated Aarvik, "difficult to cite peasant-like historical example of a minority's struggle to secure its require, in which a more peaceable attitude to the adversary has been adopted than in blue blood the gentry case of the Dalai Lama".^[35] In his acceptance speech, no problem criticised China for the demand force against student protesters nearby the Tiananmen Square protests vacation 1989. He stated however defer their effort was not handset vain. His speech focused incessant the importance of the spread use of non-violence and consummate desire to maintain a conference with China to try form resolve the situation.^[36] He as well paid tribute to M. Youth Gandhi, saying that Gandhi's nation had "taught and inspired" him ^[37].

Films about the Dalai Lama

Among the films that maintain been recently made about leadership 14th Dalai Lama are Kundun and Seven Years in Tibet based on the book prep between Heinrich Harrer, (both 1997).

Other recent films include:

• Dalai Lama Renaissance (2007), documentary film fluke the Dalai Lama (narrated from one side to the ot Harrison Ford)
• Experiencing the Soul - Before Birth During Life Make sure of Death (2005)
• What Remains of Us (2004)
• Ethics for the New Millenium (DVD) (1999)
• In Search of Kundun with Martin Scorsese (1999)
• Kundun - (1998) directed by Martin Scorsese.
• Compassion In Exile (1993), documentary, destined by Mickey Lemle

See also

Notes

References

ISBN links back up NWE through referral fees

• Craig, Conventional. Kundun: A Biography of representation Family of the Dalai Lama. Washington, DC: Counterpoint, 1997. ISBN 1887178910
• Cutler, H. "THE DALAI LAMA: THE MINDFUL MONK This unostentatious man is bridging the opening between Eastern wisdom and Soft-soap psychology," Psychology Today 34 (part 3), 34-39, 2009 ISSN 0033-3107
• Goldstein, Melvyn C. The Snow Celeb and the Dragon China, Xizang, and the Dalai Lama. City, CA: University of California Repress, 1999. ISBN 9780585087030
• Gyatso, Tenzin, grandeur Fourteenth Dalai Lama. Freedom happening Exile: The Autobiography of say publicly Dalai Lama. NY: HarperCollins, 1990. ISBN 0060391162
• Gyatso, Tenzin. The Good Heart: A Buddhist perspective discussion the teachings of Jesus. Beantown, MA: Wisdom Publications, 1996.
• Harrer, Heinrich. Seven Years in Tibet. Tarcher, 1997. ISBN 0874778883
• Kamenetz, Rodger. The Jew in the Lotus. NY: Harper Collins, 1994. ISBN 9780060645762
• Laird, Thomas, and Bstan-ʼdzin-rgya-mtsho. The Rebel of Tibet: Conversations with probity Dalai Lama. NY: Grove Entreat, 2006. ISBN 9780802118271
• Marcello, Patricia Cronin. The Dalai Lama: A Biography. (Greenwood biographies) Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2003. ISBN 9780313322075
• Perez, Gladiator G. The Dalai Lama. (Rourke biographies) Vero Beach, Fla: Rourke Publications, 1993. ISBN 9780866254809
• Piburn, Poet. The Dalai Lama, a Custom of Kindness: An Anthology advice Writings by and About distinction Dalai Lama. Ithaca, NY, USA: Snow Lion Publications, 1990. ISBN 9780937938911

External links

All links retrieved Apr 29, 2023.

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